{"id":5808,"date":"2017-02-28T17:18:50","date_gmt":"2017-02-28T22:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/?p=5808"},"modified":"2021-07-27T15:44:34","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T19:44:34","slug":"double-action-only-revolvers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/double-action-only-revolvers\/","title":{"rendered":"Don&#8217;t Get Cocky: Why All Defensive Revolvers Should be Double Action Only"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A lot of people have asked why I prefer my self-defense revolvers to be double action only. My initial reason was that the hammer spur would often catch on my clothing when drawing from an appendix carry position.\u00a0A popular method of avoiding\u00a0this problem is to place\u00a0the thumb of the shooting hand over the hammer during the drawstroke. However, not only does that\u00a0require maintaining separate drawstroke techniques for revolvers and semi-autos, it also prevents achieving a full firing grip on the gun while it&#8217;s still in the holster, which I consider to be a key component of a fast and consistent presentation. So for me, double action only is the clear way to go.<\/p> <p>But not everyone has experienced the same issues with the hammer snagging on clothing, and some self-defense revolvers are intended for home protection\u00a0use only, and are never carried. In those cases, wouldn&#8217;t it be better to retain the single action feature\u00a0on the off-chance one has to take that difficult precision shot in a life or death encounter? If the only consideration was making the gun easier to shoot, I would say &#8220;yes.&#8221; However, when I take into account the potential safety concerns involved with introducing an uncommonly\u00a0light, short trigger pull into a situation of extreme stress, I think the wiser path is to avoid the use of the single action capability of\u00a0defensive revolvers entirely.<\/p> <p>I know many will disagree with this assessment, and that&#8217;s perfectly understandable, but I believe this\u00a0is an area where the hard won experience of past generations can be very enlightening &#8212; there is much we can learn from the history of double action use in the law enforcement world. Watch the video below for\u00a0a summary of that history and the implications for the armed citizen, or keep reading for the unabridged version.<\/p> <div class=\"entry-content-asset\"><script src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/assets\/external\/E-v1.js\" async><\/script><\/p> <noscript class=\"idle-load\"><div class=\"wistia_responsive_padding\" style=\"padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"> <div class=\"wistia_responsive_wrapper\" style=\"height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;\"> <div class=\"wistia_embed wistia_async_eufxx6cc72 dnt=1 seo=false videoFoam=true\" style=\"height:100%;position:relative;width:100%\"> <div class=\"wistia_swatch\" style=\"height:100%;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;transition:opacity 200ms;width:100%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/embed\/medias\/eufxx6cc72\/swatch\" style=\"filter:blur(5px);height:100%;object-fit:contain;width:100%;\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" onload=\"this.parentNode.style.opacity=1;\" \/><\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><\/noscript> <\/div> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/> When double action revolvers first came into popular use in the early 1900s, they were really thought of as single actions with a bonus double action feature that would only be used in dire emergencies. The assumption was, if you actually had time to bring the gun up to eye level and use the sights, you also had time to thumb cock the hammer.<\/span><\/p> <figure id=\"attachment_5816\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5816\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/stance-2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5816\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/stance-2-677x1024.jpg\" alt=\"single action target stance\" width=\"450\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/stance-2-677x1024.jpg 677w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/stance-2-297x450.jpg 297w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/stance-2-350x530.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/stance-2.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5816\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the early 1900s, the dominant shooting technique was a one-handed, single action target stance.<\/figcaption><\/figure> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/> Of course, today we know it\u2019s possible to use the sights to get quick and accurate hits, even with a double action trigger stroke. Manually thumb-cocking the hammer for the lighter single action shot is no longer considered acceptable in the defensive firearms training world. So why is it that most revolvers made today still have the single action capability? We have plenty of double action only small frame models to choose from, but most people assume that they are useless beyond arm\u2019s reach, and for revolvers larger than pocket size, double action only is almost unheard of as a factory option. But history has shown us that a single action trigger\u00a0is not only unnecessary on a defensive revolver, it\u2019s actually a liability. Today, the hammer spur is nothing more than a relic of early 20th century police training doctrine that was already outdated 80 years ago.<\/span><\/p> <h2><strong>Double Action: A Slow Start<\/strong><\/h2> <p>Well after the introduction of the double action revolver, there were plenty of well-known gunfighters\u00a0still making good use of single actions. Progress in shooting techniques was, to some degree, limited by the equipment they had to work with. For example, take a look at the Smith &amp; Wesson 1905 Hand Ejector pictured below. If you were to try to aim this revolver with the hammer down, all you would see is the back of the hammer spur. You can\u2019t actually see the sights at all until the gun is cocked. So it makes perfect sense that even an experienced shooter from that time would pick up one of these revolvers and assume that double action and accurate shooting are mutually exclusive.<\/p> <figure id=\"attachment_5812\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5812\" style=\"width: 1500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5812\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905.jpg\" alt=\"S&amp;W 1905 hand ejector\" width=\"1500\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905-600x307.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905-1024x524.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905-768x393.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/SW-1905-350x179.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith &amp; Wesson 1905 Hand Ejector. The sights are only visible once the hammer has been cocked.<\/figcaption><\/figure> <p>Even models that didn&#8217;t have this issue were typically equipped with minuscule sights that were difficult to see in any kind of hurry, and the double action trigger pull itself was often excessively stiff and uneven. The stocks (more commonly called &#8220;grips&#8221; today) were also designed with single action shooting in mind and it would be years before grips appeared that positioned the hand to get better leverage for a double action trigger press.<\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More importantly, the police training of the pre-WWII era emphasized one-handed single action as the default technique. F. H. Fitzgerald, later a vocal proponent of double action, advised\u00a0in 1920 in <em>The Colt&#8217;s Police Revolver Handbook<\/em>\u00a0that double action shooting should be reserved for targets no more than 15 to 25 feet away. By some standards of that period, 25 feet would have been considered really stretching the limits of double action.\u00a0<em>The Manual of Police Revolver Instruction<\/em>\u00a0written by R. M. Bair for the Pennsylvania Highway Patrol in 1932 says that \u201cThe revolver should only be fired [double action] in emergency, as when the hammer cannot be cocked by the thumb or when in very close proximity to the adversary, such as a hand-to-hand scuffle. At greater distances firing double action will cause muzzle wobble, flinching and wild shots. It is impossible to keep the sights in proper alignment when the target is at greater distances.\u201d<\/span><\/p> <h2><strong>From the FBI to Weaver<\/strong><\/h2> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Around this same period in the 1930s, there were a few radical innovators in military and law enforcement training circles who really started to promote the merits of double action revolver shooting. Guys like William Fairbairn, Rex Applegate, Delf A. &#8220;Jelly&#8221; Bryce, and others demonstrated that their point shooting techniques were quicker and more effective than the old style of single action target shooting. They would get down in a low crouch and fire double action with the revolver in one hand held at hip level. The FBI hired Bryce in the 30s to create a firearms training program, and it is thanks to his influence that the FBI became one of the first major law enforcement entities to embrace point shooting. The excerpts below are from a 1956 FBI Training Film demonstrating the technique that\u00a0I recently heard colorfully described as &#8220;pop a squat, take a shot.&#8221;<\/span><\/p> <div class=\"entry-content-asset\"><script src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/assets\/external\/E-v1.js\" async><\/script><\/p> <noscript class=\"idle-load\"><div class=\"wistia_responsive_padding\" style=\"padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"> <div class=\"wistia_responsive_wrapper\" style=\"height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;\"> <div class=\"wistia_embed wistia_async_4vr4gg3tac dnt=1 seo=false videoFoam=true\" style=\"height:100%;position:relative;width:100%\"> <div class=\"wistia_swatch\" style=\"height:100%;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;transition:opacity 200ms;width:100%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/embed\/medias\/4vr4gg3tac\/swatch\" style=\"filter:blur(5px);height:100%;object-fit:contain;width:100%;\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" onload=\"this.parentNode.style.opacity=1;\" \/><\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><\/noscript> <\/div> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/> Even though the FBI encouraged double action point shooting, it definitely didn\u2019t catch on everywhere. But by the 1950s, double action techniques had received enough validation in actual street encounters that some law enforcement training started to change and you can even see evidence of that in certain guns that were being used around that time. For instance, at the suggestion of Rex Applegate, in 1952\u00a0Smith &amp; Wesson introduced the Centennial &#8212; a double action only small-frame revolver with an internal hammer. It wasn\u2019t their first so-called hammerless design, but the snag-free profile made it one of their best sellers, and the derivatives of that model are still popular today.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next big leap forward in shooting techniques came from Jack Weaver in the late 50s and early 60s. Today, he\u2019s best known for having the Weaver stance named after him, but his bigger contribution was demonstrating that a two handed grip with the gun at eye level was more effective than shooting from the hip. He used this technique in 1959 to win\u00a0Col. Jeff Cooper&#8217;s Big Bear Leather Slap quick draw event, while all of his fellow competitors were point shooting from the hip.\u00a0Weaver found he was able to acquire a flash sight picture with the large target sights on his Smith &amp; Wesson K-38 and squeeze off an accurate double action shot more reliably than attempting the same precision without using the sights. Weaver\u2019s technique was adopted by Jeff Cooper, who developed further it into the Modern Technique of the Pistol. The Modern Technique, in turn, is what led to most of the techniques we use today, both in competition and in defensive firearms training.<\/span><\/p> <figure id=\"attachment_5826\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5826\" style=\"width: 457px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/jack-weaver.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5826 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/jack-weaver-457x450.jpg\" width=\"457\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/jack-weaver-457x450.jpg 457w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/jack-weaver-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/jack-weaver-350x345.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/jack-weaver.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5826\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Weaver and his Smith &amp; Wesson K-38.<\/figcaption><\/figure> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in the 60s, these guys represented the absolute cutting edge of combat shooting. Police firearms training in general was very slow to change. In most departments, the guys who would have been considered serious shooters were honing their skills by competing in traditional bullseye matches and other forms of competition with generous time limits. The easiest way to excel in these matches was to fire the revolver single action. Firearms instructors were often recruited from the top competitors in these matches, so police training continued to be biased toward single action shooting into the mid-1900s and beyond.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time, that era produced some highly successful gunfighters who were also competitive shooters. The most well known is probably <a href=\"http:\/\/a.co\/3Rl2cDa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Cirillo<\/a> from the NYPD\u00a0Stakeout Squad. He won a lot of gunfights <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a lot of bullseye matches, but he always fired his revolver double action, even at 50 yards. <\/span><\/p> <h2><strong>The Hazard\u00a0of Single Action<\/strong><\/h2> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Double action shooting was repeatedly shown to be effective in the field, but what probably led police departments to eventually move away from single action was the liability issue. Single action and nervous cops in tense situations do not mix. This reality was recognized as early as 1930 by J. H. Fitzgerald (the same one who wrote the 1920 shooting manual for Colt) in the book <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shooting<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where he wrote, \u201cThe double action has its advantages for many occasions where the officer must carry his revolver ready for instant use, as in entering a house or room in which he has every reason to believe a criminal is hiding. If he should enter the house with his revolver cocked, a loud noise, as the slamming of a door or the throwing of some article, may cause him to fire a shot because less than one-eighth of an inch pull will release the hammer. On the other hand, if the revolver is carried with the finger near the trigger ready for double-action shooting five-eighths of an inch is required to fire the shot and for a quick shot it is not necessary to have the finger on the trigger, but just outside ready to slip inside the guard.\u201d<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is sound advice coming from an experienced police shooting instructor in 1930,\u00a0but many police departments didn&#8217;t change their training and policies to de-emphasize single action shooting until the 1970s and 80s. In the meantime, a lot of suspects and innocent bystanders were needlessly injured or killed as a result of officers trying to use cocked revolvers as people management tools.<\/span><\/p> <h2><strong>Lessons for the Armed Citizen<\/strong><\/h2> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what can we learn from all of this and how is it relevant for the legally armed citizen today? First of all, I think history shows us that the single action feature of a double action revolver is just not necessary. Once double action techniques came into popular use, the single action capability did not provide a\u00a0major advantage in police-involved shootings, and the same thing can be said for the kind of close-range encounters that account for the vast majority of armed citizen defensive shootings. Statistically speaking, 15 yards could be considered extreme long range for a justifiable shooting, and modern\u00a0revolvers can still be effectively fired double action at that distance with a very modest amount of practice.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There may be a case to be made\u00a0for single action for someone with a disability or diminished hand strength who can\u2019t actually manipulate a double action trigger. In many of those situations, however, a brief coaching session or some grips that fit better can get them running that double action just fine. If the shooter still struggles with double action and has to rely on shooting single action, they should be instructed in how to safely decock the revolver, and warned about the potential for an accidental or negligent discharge\u00a0that can result from thumbing the hammer back when it is not absolutely necessary to fire.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like I mentioned at the start, for a concealed carry revolver, the hammer spur presents multiple\u00a0opportunities to foul the draw stroke, which is arguably the most important part of the armed response. 20th century cops were typically carrying service size revolvers openly in holsters or concealed by a stiff suit jacket or a heavy overcoat. The hammerless snub nose revolvers were carried in pockets. The hammer spur on your double action revolver was not designed with modern concealed carry in mind, which is often with the\u00a0gun inside the waistband and close to the body covered by lightweight shirt or jacket that is easily snagged by the &#8220;fish hook&#8221; shape of the hammer.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But even if the potential for snagging\u00a0doesn\u2019t worry you, as long as you\u2019ve got that ability to fire single action, there&#8217;s a good chance you\u2019re going to be tempted to practice that way when you\u2019re at the range. Getting the hang of the double action trigger takes some discipline because it can be challenging and maybe even discouraging at first. But when you rely on single action at the range, all you\u2019re doing is programming your subconscious brain to think that if you really need to hit your target, you have\u00a0to thumb that hammer first.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We tend to operate on auto-pilot under extreme stress, so if you practice that way and you ever have to respond to a potential threat, you may end up with a cocked revolver in your hand without ever making the\u00a0deliberate decision to cock it. Your potential threat is, more likely than not going to turn out to be a false alarm or a situation that doesn\u2019t require you to fire the gun. So now you have\u00a0to manually decock the gun while you\u2019re all amped up on adrenaline, presenting a whole new opportunity for an unintentional discharge.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is also the legal issue to consider. I&#8217;m no expert in this area, but it&#8217;s a topic that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dailycaller.com\/2013\/04\/23\/massad-ayoob-hammer-or-less\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Massad Ayoob<\/a> has written about extensively\u00a0over the years. The possibility exists that you could become involved in a justifiable shooting, and instead of trying to convince a jury that\u00a0your actions were intentional but unjustified, an over-eager prosecutor could use that light single action trigger to allege that you fired accidentally, and then get a conviction for manslaughter or negligent homicide. It sounds far fetched, but it\u2019s happened more than once, and it\u2019s definitely worth taking into account.<\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For most people, I think the best thing to do is either buy a double action only revolver or have a gunsmith remove the hammer spur and convert the gun to double action only. I know it\u2019s kind of funny looking without a hammer, but you\u2019ll get over it. If you do keep that single action capability at least do your very best to ignore it because putting a hole where there should not be one is a lot more likely than picking off a terrorist at 50 yards.<\/span><\/p> <p><em>Special thanks to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Hardwired-Tactical-Shooting-289679681133490\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Darryl Bolke<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rangemaster.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Givens<\/a> for helping out with some of the research for this article.<\/em><\/p> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A lot of people have asked why I prefer my self-defense revolvers to be double action only. My initial reason &#8230; <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/double-action-only-revolvers\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[216,6],"tags":[275,314,73,42,177,17],"class_list":["post-5808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wheel-gun-wednesday","category-toolbox","tag-double-action","tag-double-action-only","tag-history-2","tag-revolvers","tag-safety","tag-self-defense"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why All Defensive Revolvers Should be Double Action Only<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An in-depth look at double action only revolvers - what they are and why you might consider one for your next self-defense gun.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/double-action-only-revolvers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why All Defensive Revolvers Should be Double Action Only\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An in-depth look at double action only revolvers - 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Chris has a broad interest in all types of\u00a0shooting activities, but he's most passionate about firearms as tools for personal protection. Prior to working for Lucky Gunner full time, Chris taught basic handgun skills and concealed carry permit classes to a diverse range of clients in his home state of North Carolina. He is a Rangemaster-certified Shotgun and Advanced Handgun Instructor and NRA Handgun Instructor. 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