{"id":7038,"date":"2018-07-20T09:39:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-20T13:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/?p=7038"},"modified":"2021-07-27T15:42:40","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T19:42:40","slug":"10mm-self-defense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/10mm-self-defense\/","title":{"rendered":"Is 10mm a Viable Self-Defense Caliber?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Since it first debuted in 1983, 10mm Auto has dominated the handgun scene as the ballistic equivalent of the mighty hammer of Thor. At least that&#8217;s what one might think from listening to some of the caliber&#8217;s more zealous advocates. But now you can see for yourself how it stacks up to other handgun calibers since we recently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/labs\/10mm-auto-self-defense-ammo-ballistic-gel-tests\/\">added several 10mm loads<\/a> to our ongoing ballistic gelatin testing project.<\/p> <p>As always, I have tried to refrain from tainting the test results post with too much of my own opinion and commentary. But after considering what we saw in the gel tests, I wanted to offer a few thoughts about the suitability of 10mm in a self-defense role. Watch the video below, or scroll down to read the full transcript.<\/p> <div class=\"entry-content-asset\"><script src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/assets\/external\/E-v1.js\" async><\/script><\/p> <noscript class=\"idle-load\"><div class=\"wistia_responsive_padding\" style=\"padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"> <div class=\"wistia_responsive_wrapper\" style=\"height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;\"> <div class=\"wistia_embed wistia_async_9nd39wqt3d dnt=1 videoFoam=true\" style=\"height:100%;position:relative;width:100%\"> <div class=\"wistia_swatch\" style=\"height:100%;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;transition:opacity 200ms;width:100%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fast.wistia.com\/embed\/medias\/9nd39wqt3d\/swatch\" style=\"filter:blur(5px);height:100%;object-fit:contain;width:100%;\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" onload=\"this.parentNode.style.opacity=1;\" \/><\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><\/noscript> <\/div> <hr \/> <p>Last week, we published the results of our 10mm ballistic gelatin tests. You can see the full results and details on the post at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/labs\/10mm-auto-self-defense-ammo-ballistic-gel-tests\/\">Lucky Gunner Labs<\/a>. Today, I want to dig into those results a little bit and I also want to tackle the broader question of whether or not 10mm is a good choice for self-defense.<\/p> <h3><strong>10mm Gel Test Performance<\/strong><\/h3> <p>The gel tests show us what kind of penetration and expansion to expect from a bullet in soft tissue. 12-18 inches is the penetration standard that\u2019s been used by the FBI for years and any duty ammo that has a good track record in actual shootings typically will meet that standard. Expansion is not as important as penetration, but we like to see the bullet expand at least 1.5 times its original diameter which is .6 inches in the case of 10mm Auto.<\/p> <p>Out of the eleven 10mm loads we tested, five of them met both of those criteria. And if we allow for a little bit of over-penetration, there are two additional loads that make the cut. Seven out of eleven isn\u2019t bad at all. And it\u2019s really seven out of ten because one of those loads was a non-expanding full metal jacket. So, finding 10mm ammo with good terminal ballistic performance should not be a problem at all. If that\u2019s the only thing we\u2019re looking at, it\u2019s a solid choice.<\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/expanded-bullets-350x197.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p> <h3><strong>10mm Auto Disadvantages<\/strong><\/h3> <p>One of the major disadvantages of this caliber is that there aren\u2019t many 10mm pistols to choose from. With a just a couple of exceptions, the options are limited to the kind of large-frame full size pistols that are usually chambered for .45 ACP. So that\u2019s kind of a drag if your hands are small or if you plan on carrying this thing around. Any other significant criticism I can come up with for 10mm could just as easily apply to 40 or 45. Practice ammo costs more than 9mm, but it\u2019s come down a lot in the last few years and it\u2019s usually priced pretty close to 40 or 45 FMJ. Ammo capacity is typically one or two rounds greater than the same gun chambered for 45. Recoil is kinda snappy, but not really that bad in a full size gun. Except for the really high velocity loads it feels basically like shooting a .45 or maybe a pocket-size 9mm.<\/p> <h3><strong>10mm Auto versus .40 S&amp;W<\/strong><\/h3> <p>So that brings us back around to the issue of ballistics. If we\u2019re going to seriously consider 10mm for personal protection, we have to ask what it\u2019s bringing to the table that we can\u2019t get out of one of these other calibers. Let\u2019s take a closer look at these gel test results and compare them to some of our previous tests. I\u2019m going to focus on .40 S&amp;W because it\u2019s got a history linked to 10mm. Back in the early 90s, .40 S&amp;W started out as just a weaker version of 10mm, but there have been major advancements in bullet technology since then and modern 40 caliber loads have a reputation for excellent street performance. The ammo companies haven\u2019t put nearly as much effort into improving 10mm over the years. A lot of today\u2019s 10mm factory loads actually use the same bullets with the same velocities as .40 S&amp;W loads. But that\u2019s not always the case.<\/p> <p>The Hornady XTP loads are good examples. Compared to their .40 S&amp;W counterparts, the 155 and 180 grain XTPs both have 20% more velocity in 10mm. Now to be fair, when we did our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/labs\/self-defense-ammo-ballistic-tests\/#40SW\">.40 S&amp;W tests<\/a>, we used a Glock 27 with a 3.4-inch barrel. Our Glock 20 10mm test gun has a 4.6-inch barrel, so this isn\u2019t exactly an apples to apples comparison. If we added an inch to the Glock 27 barrel, we\u2019d expect to see the velocity go up by about 30 to 80 feet per second, which would still be much slower than the 10mm loads. Using the data we do have, the XTP bullets seem to perform much better at the 10mm velocities. We get better expansion and none of the over-penetration that we see with the 40s.<\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7047\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-XTP-350x197.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p> <p>The 180 grain Federal Hydra-Shok is also loaded in both calibers, but there is only a 7.5% velocity increase in 10mm. From a ballistics standpoint, these two loads are essentially the same thing. Penetration is right around 16 inches and the expanded diameter is about .60 inches for both loads. This is ideal performance in gelatin for self-defense ammo.<\/p><p><\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7051\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/40-vs-10-hydrashok-350x197.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p> <p>So, pushing a 40 caliber bullet to higher velocities sometimes results in better terminal ballistics, but that is entirely dependent on the bullet design. If we look at the best 10mm loads and the best 40 S&amp;W loads, there\u2019s not really any difference in the test results. If they weren\u2019t labeled and we didn\u2019t show the velocity, you would have no idea which ones came from a .40 and which ones came from a 10mm.<\/p> <h3><strong>Velocity, Bears, and Bad Science<\/strong><\/h3> <p>I\u2019m not saying that .40 S&amp;W is necessarily just as powerful as 10mm. But it\u2019s pretty clear that a .40 caliber bullet does not have to be pushed to maximum 10mm velocities in order to do what we want a self-defense round to do. So why would we need that extra velocity? Well, first of all, the target might not be a human. 10mm is gaining some ground as a caliber for hunting medium to large game or for protection against dangerous animals. That context is not one I am really qualified to comment on a whole lot, but I think it\u2019s safe to say that if you have to shoot a bear, you\u2019re going to want more than 12-18 inches of penetration. A non-expanding high velocity 10mm is going to penetrate as well or better than any other common semi-auto caliber. Is that enough to punch through the skull of a charging grizzly? I have no idea, but if you find out, let me know about it.<\/p> <p>Another reason some people seem to want that extra velocity is because more velocity means more kinetic energy transfer. If we\u2019re looking at two loads that have similar penetration and expansion in gel, a lot of people believe the muzzle energy tells us which one would actually cause a more severe wound. They will often point to the temporary wound cavity as evidence. That is the sudden opening that\u2019s created in tissue or in gelatin when the bullet impacts. Sometimes, that temporary cavity can cause tissue to tear, which creates wound trauma even if that tissue was never actually touched by the bullet<\/p> <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7049\" src=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1090\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity.jpg 1090w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity-600x318.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity-1024x543.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity-768x407.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/media\/temp-cavity-350x186.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1090px) 100vw, 1090px\" \/><\/a><\/p> <p>But, according to wound ballistics researchers, this rarely happens when people are shot with handguns. It tends to happen more often with rifle bullets because they\u2019re traveling much faster, but with handguns, the temporary cavity is, at best, an unreliable secondary contributor to incapacitation. Looking at the research from the last few decades, there doesn\u2019t seem to be any proven correlation between muzzle energy and bullet effectiveness.<\/p> <p>In the case of 10mm, more velocity might get us more penetration, and, like I said, that could be useful for outdoor applications. For everyday protection from violent human attackers, the super high velocity loads are just not necessary and might even be a liability in an urban environment. As always, shot placement is king, and you need to be able to place those shots in a hurry. I don\u2019t think there\u2019s anything wrong with relying on a larger caliber like 10mm if you can meet some objective performance standards first, like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/start-shooting-better-5x5-drill\/\">5&#215;5 Drill<\/a> or the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/start-shooting-better-episode-4-super-test\/\">Super Test<\/a>, both of which we have featured in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/category\/start-shooting-better\/\">Start Shooting Better series<\/a>. If those are a struggle for you with a 10mm, then you might need more practice or to switch to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/handgun-recommendations-new-shooters\/\">more manageable pistol<\/a>.<\/p> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since it first debuted in 1983, 10mm Auto has dominated the handgun scene as the ballistic equivalent of the mighty &#8230; <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.luckygunner.com\/lounge\/10mm-self-defense\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[210,24,287,263,21,17],"class_list":["post-7038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toolbox","tag-10mm","tag-ammo","tag-ballistic-gelatin","tag-gel-testing","tag-handguns","tag-self-defense"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Is 10mm a Viable Self-Defense Caliber? - Lucky Gunner Lounge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A look at the 10mm caliber for self-defense. 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